The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment styles and PERFECTIONISM. One hundred and seventy students (97 girls, 73 boys) were participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI) and the POSITIVE and Negative PERFECTIONISM Scale (PANPS). Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, t-test, correlation coefficient, and analysis of regression. The results revealed that attachment styles were associated with PERFECTIONISM. Secure attachment style was POSITIVEly associated with POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM and negatively related to negative PERFECTIONISM. Insecure attachment styles (avoidant, ambivalence) were negatively associated with POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM and POSITIVEly related to negative PERFECTIONISM. Analysis of the data revealed that POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM was predicted by secure attachment style, while negative PERFECTIONISM was predicted by insecure attachment styles. The quality of PERFECTIONISM is influenced by attachment styles through “internal working models” and mechanisms such as “affect regulation”, “repression”, “denial”, and “idealization”.

The role that defense mechanisms play in protecting ego against anxiety is influenced by different personality constructs. To examine the relation of POSITIVE and negative PERFECTIONISM with defense mechanisms, 240 students (120 girls, 120 boys) from the University of Tehran were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete Persian version of the POSITIVE and Negative PERFECTIONISM Scale (FPANPS) and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). The results showed that POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM was POSITIVEly associated with mature defense mechanisms and negatively associated with neurotic and immature defense mechanisms. Conversely, negative PERFECTIONISM was negatively associated with mature defense mechanisms and POSITIVEly associated with neurotic and immature defense mechanisms. POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM increases the use of mature defense mechanisms through enhancement of realistic thinking, accepting personal limitations, reducing failures and frustrations, POSITIVE thinking, and mental health indices. Negative PERFECTIONISM increases the use of neurotic and immature defense mechanisms through enhancement of idealistic criteria, unrealistic thinking and expectations, and psychological disorders.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on POSITIVE emotion regulation, mindfulness, and POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM. Methods and Materials: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 participants from Tehran. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (15 participants) and a control group (15 participants). The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of dialectical behavior therapy, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests via SPSS-27 software. Findings: The results indicated that the mean scores of POSITIVE emotion regulation, mindfulness, and POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM significantly increased in the experimental group after the intervention (p <. 001), and these changes remained stable at follow-up (p >. 05). ANOVA results demonstrated a significant effect of the intervention on POSITIVE emotion regulation (F = 39. 57, p <. 001, η² = 0. 61), mindfulness (F = 49. 37, p <. 001, η² = 0. 67), and POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM (F = 31. 17, p <. 001, η² = 0. 59). Conclusion: Dialectical behavior therapy has a significant effect on improving POSITIVE emotion regulation, increasing mindfulness, and enhancing POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM, with lasting effects over time. These findings highlight the importance of this therapeutic approach in emotion regulation and personality development.

The present study was carried out to compare Fear of negative, POSITIVE evaluation and PERFECTIONISM in social anxiety.A total of 864 students of universities in Mahalat city were selected by random cluster method and evaluated using Social Phobia Inventory (SPI) (Conor, 2000) and Negative and POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM Scale (Terry-Short, 1995), Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Lury, 1983).a cording to scores of Social Phobia Inventory, students were divided in two group (including 31 students with social anxiety and 31 students without social anxiety considered as control group). Univariate analysis of variance(ANOVA) were used for group comparisons, Associations between Fear of Negative Evaluation, negative and POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM and Multiple Regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of social anxiety.In general, Results showed that there are significant differences between social anxious students and normal group in fear of negative evaluation, negative and POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM. Students with social anxiety reported more fear of negative evaluation, negative PERFECTIONISM and less POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM. Finally this study revealed POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM is main predictor of social anxiety.

Introduction & Objective: The POSITIVE and negative effects of PERFECTIONISM on human cognition, affection and behavior have been emphasized. PERFECTIONISM has been conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, with both adaptive and maladaptive aspects, which is one of the common personality traits that cause lifelong stress in human and results in anxiety, depression and physical and mental distress. The aim of this study was to assess the POSITIVE and negative PERFECTIONISM in migrainus patients in comparison with control group.Materials & Methods: This is an analytical (Case-control) study which was performed on 91 migraine patients and 88 healthy individuals. The patients and controls completed a standard 40 item questionnaire for PERFECTIONISM – PANPS (20 for POSITIVE and 20 for negative PERFECTIONISM). The patients in both groups were matched for gender and age. Mean of POSITIVE and negative PERFECTIONISM scores for two groups was statistically analysed using SPSS software.Results: Mean POSITIVE PERFECTIONISM score was 83.47±8.5 for migraine group and 65.47±7.54 for control group (p=0.0001). The difference between two groups was significant. Mean of negative PERFECTIONISM score was 74.12±10.6 for migraine group and 51.79±7.8 for control group (p=0.0001).Conclusion: The results show that migraine patients have higher mean of PERFECTIONISM scores than healthy individuals. Based on this study and other clinical experiences more attention to psychotherapy is necessary for better management of migraine and recognition of personality profile in migraine patient helps to reduce patient’s complaints.